Issues of everyday life and social adaptation of Moscow and Moscow region residents in the conditions of evacuation to the Mari ASSR
during the Great Patriotic War 

Olga A. Koshkina, Candidate of historical sciences, leading researcher, head of the scientific direction “History”, Mari Scientific Research Institute of Language, Literature and History named after V.M. Vasilyev (44 Krasnoarmeiskaya street, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia) E-mail: koshkina_81@mail.ru
Pavel O. Lekhanov, Junior Researcher in the scientific direction “History”, Mari Scientific Research Institute of Language, Literature and History named after V.M. Vasilyev (44 Krasnoarmeiskaya street, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia) E-mail: pavel-lekhanov@rambler.ru

Background. The article examines the issue of evacuation of the civilian population from Moscow and the Moscow region, the region with the largest number of arrivals to the Mari ASSR during the Great Patriotic War. In the course of the study, attention is drawn to the problems of a domestic nature faced by the evacuees, as well as to the organization of reception, accommodation and further assistance from the republican authorities. The purpose of the work is to study the process of evacuation from Moscow and region to the Mari ASSR, the peculiarities of everyday life and social adaptation. Materials and methods. The sources on this topic are mainly documents identified in the State Archive of the Republic of Mari El. The systematic approach reflects the complexity and connection of the evacuation process with other events of the period, their influence on each other. The principles of historicism and objectivity contribute to the correct analysis and understanding of the phenomenon under study. Results. Strengths and weaknesses in working with evacuees were identified. The strengths include a good organization for the reception of refugees, a high degree of employment, and constant attention to improving work with the evacuated population. The weak ones include the material supply of both things and products, inter-ruptions in the work of institutions, and often the unpreparedness of local residents to receive evacuees. Conclusions. Evacuation to the Mari ASSR during the Great Patriotic War was important for saving lives and protecting the population. Of course, this was accompanied by a significant number of difficulties, largely due to objective factors of wartime. Moreover, the evacuation contributed to the replenishment of the labor reserve, primarily in industry and agriculture, which also had a certain positive impact on the economy of the region.

Great Patriotic War, Mari ASSR, evacuation, Muscovites, household problems, children

Koshkina O.A., Lekhanov P.O. Issues of everyday life and social adaptation of Moscow and Moscow region residents in the conditions of evacuation to the Mari ASSR during the Great Patriotic War. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Povolzhskiy region. Gumanitarnye nauki = University proceedings. Volga region. Humanities. 2024;(3):55–65. (In Russ.). doi: 10.21685/2072-3024-2024-3-5